The authors undertook a paleocarpological analysis of soil samples from excavation № 1 on the territory of a trading quarter of Staroturukhansk hillfort. The investigation enabled to describe vegetation composition of the Turukhan river basin before the development of this territory by Russian population, and to determine the impact extent of anthropogenic factor upon the flora over XVII — early XVIII cc. Subject to investigation being a potential of plant cultivation with Turukhansk — New Mangazeya residents and a role of the local vegetation resources in the economy.