The article presents the outcome of a paleoanthropological investigation of osteological material from the early medieval burial place of Ustyug-1 of IV–VI cc. A.D. It is determined that health state of the people buried in that place was quite satisfactory, as evidenced by a small number of revealed pathologies. Lack of bone inflammations, with the only case of the minor manifestation of cribra orbitalia, points to acceptable sanitary conditions of that dwelling place and pretty high body resistance, which is difficult to ensure without proper meal, etc. Workloads for males did not exceed physiological ones, while for females they recorded both minor and major ones, which might point to their different social status. Subject to observation being similarity in the extent and type of physical loads with the Sargatka group of early Middle Ages, which did not exceed threshold values and oftener fell on upper limbs. A tradition of changing head shape with that population group might be due to high frequency of intracranial hypertension and craniosynostosis with babies. The availability of traumas of axial skeleton and cranial vault might point to tense intertribal situation abounded with conflicts. At the same time, almost total absence of traumas in the facial part might point to favourable intragroup relations.