BULLETIN OF ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY ¹ 5 (2005)
Ethnography
The article describes details
regarding ethnical processes and economic activities among the indigenous
population of Nadym District, Yamal-Nenets National Region. The latter
represents an inter-ethnical contact zone between the Nenets and Komi-Izhemtsi
people. In the XXth c., under the influence of the Komi, the Nadym Nenets people
lost many features of their national culture. Besides, in the 1970s-1990s, the
region became subject to industrial development of oil-and-gas fields. These
processes have led to cultural unification of the Nenets and Komi people in this
region, which in its turn might later result in formation of marginal group of
reindeer breeders and fishermen.
The article deals with
questions of inter-confessional contacts and ethnoconfessional
self-identification of West Siberian population in the XVIIth–XVIIIth cc. The
paper reveals different communication levels in the relations between members of
the Orhtodox Church and Moslems, namely, administrative, confessional,
social-and-economic, and domestic ones. The author concludes on inter-personal
tolerance among different confessions on West Siberian territory. As far as the
administrative level is concerned, ethnoconfessional segregation was
insignificant. At the same time, a xenophobic reaction was marked on the part of
the Orthodox and Moslem clergy.
The article presents an
inter-disciplinary research devoted to investigation of trends regarding
conjugal relations of the Komi-Izhemtsi people from the North Trans-Urals in
the XIXth-XXth cc., basing on written sources and craniological data. The
paper studies dynamics of inter-ethnical marriages as well as the factors
governing choice of a conjugal partner among different social groups of the
Komi-Izhemtsi population (both settled and migrating), such as nature of
foreign ethnical environment, perception stereotypes including a visual one,
as well as economic and cultural features.
The article is devoted to
school education among the Komi-Zyryany people from Beryozovo District of
Tobolsk Province in the late XIXth — early XXth cc. Basing on a wide range of
different sources, the author considers development of a number of educational
institutions in the settlements inhabited by the Komi people. The paper
determines number of students, as well as composition of the teaching staff,
including Komi teachers. Development of literacy ñontributed to dissemination
of bilingual ability among the Komi people, thus increasing chances for their
social flexibility.
The article deals with
involvement of the Russian settlers into the formation of the Narym Selkuppes in
the late XVIIIth — first half of the XIXth cc., basing on example of several
burials from the Tiskinsky mound burial complex. The percent of the Russian
settlers there was quite insignificant, so there are no grounds to conclude that
there existed any distinct impact of the European groups on the anthropological
type of the people buried in the Tiskinsky burial ground during its final
functional stage. Besides, the paper considers questions of burial rites. In the
course of mutual contacts between the Selkuppes and the Russian settlers, the
latter could contribute not only to changing the aboriginal burial rites towards
Christian traditions, but also could serve as a “conservation” factor for
certain traditional elements of the local rites. Close contacts with the Russian
settlers couldn’t remain traceless for the indigenous people of the Narym Ob
basin. These contacts resulted in the Selkuppes absorbing numerous elements of
ordinary and spiritual culture of the newcomers.