BULLETIN OF ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY ¹ 10 (2009)
Àrchaeology
Volkov Ye. N.
Earthenware sinkers from Tyumen low Tobol basin (the Aeneolithic period and early Bronze Age)
The article summarizes data on earthenware sinkers which existed on the territory of Tyumen low Tobol basin from the Aeneolithic period to early Bronze Age. A particular attention is paid to cultural and chronological attribution of different-type earthenware sinkers. The set up hypothesis says that the earliest of the articles being rod-like ones, current among the bearers of the early Lybayevo and Shapkul cultures. The origin of the sinkers with split ends (“reelers”) is associated with the bearers of the Lipchinskoye ornamental stereotype penetrating into the region, and that of cigar-shaped sinkers — with the population of the Andreyevo culture, while the time of biconical sinkers being limited by the sites of the Bajryk and late Lybayevo circle. The author supposes that the earthenware sinkers were of cultural and diagnostic significance only at the early stages of their existence, getting then an integral part of the material culture with the bearers of other stereotypes developing in the forest-steppe and sub-taiga low Tobol basin during the Aeneolithic pariod and early Bronze Age.
Earthenware sinker, early Bronze Age, rod-like sinkers, biconical sinkers, “reelers”, cigar-shaped sinkers, the Andreyevo culture, the Lybayevo culture, the Shapkul culture, the Lipchinskoye culture, the Bajryk culture, the Imbiryaj type of sites, Tyumen low Tobol basin, northern forest-steppe, sub-taiga zone.
Usacheva I. V.
The “utyuzhki” — a sociological aspect: from craftsmanship to specialization
The article by I. V. Usacheva examines conditions of the “utyuzhki” location in the context of specific sites, particularly in burial complexes, which enables the author to come to the conclusion on early (not later than the Neolithic and Aeneolithic periods) separation of craftsmasters and certain types of craftsmanship, and hence, certain social stratification in the society.
The “utuzhki”, craftsmaster, craftsmanship, sex-and-age specialization, straightener of poles, reed, arrows and darts, prestige articles, sociological aspect, burial inventory, cultural stereotype.
Zimina Î. Yu., Volkov Ye. N., Ryabogina N. Ye., Ivanov S. N.
New data on the early and late Bronze Age in Tyumen low Tobol basin (basing on the settlement of Mostovoye 1 investigation results)
The article presents investigation results on a multi-layer settlement of Mostovoye 1 located in the sub-taiga zone in the interfluve of the Tura and Pyshma. The basic complex and the remnants of the construction investigated at the settlement refer to the Barkhatovo cuture of the late Bronze Age. Besides, the cultural layer of the settlement contained pottery and single articles of the early Bronze Age inventory. This pottery series finds its closest analogues in the materials of the Odino culture of the low Ishim basin, and partly, in the local Aeneolithic cultures of the low Tobol basin. According to the palinological data, here, at the end of the Holocene sub-boreal period (time of the existence of the Barkhatovo culture) subject to reconstruction being forest-and-steppe conditions with herb and herb-and-gramineous meadows.
Low Tobol basin, late Bronze Age, the Barkhatovo culture, early Bronze Age, the Odino culture, spore-and-pollen test, reconstruction of natural conditions.
Òkachev À. À.
The Alexeyevka-and-Sargary settlement complexes of Sary-Arka
The article is devoted to a description of settlement complexes of the Alexeyevka-and-Sargary culture from Central Kazakhstan, which existed within common cultural conditions of the ridge pottery. Subject to investigation being pottery and article inventory, substantiating two-staged development of the Alexeyevka-and-Sargary anti-quities of Sary-Arka.
Sary-Arka, the Alexeyeka-and-Sargary culture, settlements, pottery, inventory.
Òroitskaya Ò. N.
Certain corrections as to a description of the Kulaj metal plastic art
The article considers the Kulajka culture cultic casting, specifying its development nature and gradual transition from art casting to pattern casting. The author comments on the introduction of the Kulajka cultic casting, at the Sarovo stage, into the common Ural and Siberian circle.
Cultic casting, the Kulajka culture.
Chikunova I. Yu., Skochina S. N.
Pottery articles from the settlement of Mullashy Yurty 7
The article presents the results of trace survey regarding traces on pottery articles and tools from the Kashino culture settlement. Basing on the traces’ character, one could assume the existence of such home manufactures with the Kashino population as wood processing, leather tanning, etc.
Early Iron Age, the Kashino culture, settlement, pottery articles, trace survey.
Tsembalyuk S. I.
Description of settlements and dwellings of the Baitovo culture
Subject to investigation being types and lay-out of the Baitovo culture settlements. Basing on the data of the excavated sites, one comes to the conclusion on the existence of two dwelling types with the Baitovo population, i. e. semi-dugs and surface constructions.
Low Tobol basin, low Ishim basin, the Baitovo culture, fortified settlements, settlements, dwellings.
Zakh V. A., Tsembalyuk S. I.
Òhe Baitovo complex from the settlement of Chepkul’ 8b
The article considers data on a new complex of the Baitovo culture originated in the northern part of the Andreyevo lake system. At the settlement of Chepkul’ 8b subject to investigation being remnants of surface constructions and a pottery complex related with these and close both to the materials of the Vak-Kur stage of the Itkul culture from the low Tobol basin and to the Baitovo ones proper. Cluster analysis of the Baitovo pottery complexes indicated the isolation of the materials from the settlements of Chepkul 8b and Yazevo, testifying, most likely, to their quite early chronological position.
System of the Andreyevo lakes, settlement of Chepkul 8b, surface dwellings, pottery, the Baitovo culture.
Ilyushina V. V.
The Potchevash burials from “Vikulovo cemetery” burial ground
Subject to introduction into scientific circulation being data on the Potchevash burials found under investigations of “Vikulovo cemetery” burial ground of the XVIIth–XVIIIth cc. in Vikulovo District, Tyumen Oblast. As far as a burial rite is concerned, the found burials, compared with the Potchevash ones investigated by this time, differ in the absence of intra-grave constructions, signs of using fire in the rite, and burying several persons in one grave. Despite the small number, the burials’ inventory is unique, containing several bronze articles with no analogues found so far on the considered territory.
Vikulovo District, “Vikulovo cemetery” burial ground, the Potchevash culture, burial rite, pottery, inventory.