The article is devoted to an anthropological characteristic of the population from Armenian plateau during the Age of Antiquity (I c. B.C. — III c. A.D.). Basing on anthropological and paleopathological data, subject to analysis being physical characteristics and deviations connected with a form of activity. Among other unfavourable environmental factors, a leading place is held by a general infectious background. The author comes to a conclusion regarding a brachymorphic constitution type of the population with quite a gracile skeleton, while pathological changes represent a certain adaptation form to ecobiological and social environmental factors.