Subject to investigation being chemical properties and enzyme activity of soils and cultural layers with regard to settlements of late Bronze Age (XIII–IX cc. BC) in the zone of mountain black earth in the vicinity of Kislovodsk. It is shown that the anthropogenic impact upon the soils taken place over 3000 years ago resulted in a conside-rable increase of traveling phosphates in the soil, thus changing the enzyme activity, which reflects specificity of the anthropogenic impact on the soils in different sites of the settlements.

The article presents reconstruction of dynamics of agriculture in the late Neolithic of Primorye, basing on archaebotanical data from settlements of the Zajsanovskaya cultural tradition (5200–3300 years ago). Seeds of cultural millets were found at all sites with water floatation technique on cultural depositions. Following the obtained data, the millet agriculture was an obligatory but not the main component of the subsistence systems for this population. The populations of the early (5200–4300 years ago) and middle (4200–3700 years ago) stages of the Zajsanovskaya cultural tradition used to cultivate broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), while at the late stage (4000–3300 years ago) that was added by foxtail millet (Setaria italica). The archaebotanical and archaeological data allow to assume an increasing role of agriculture during the late stage.

 Аgriculture, seeds of cultural plants, late Neolithic, Far East, Primorye, migrations.