Ethnology  

Multicultural sources and analogies of the visual system of wooden architecture of Zaural′e 

Ivanova L.V., Gordienko A.V. (Tymen, Russian Federation)

The article is dedicated to the study of multicultural sources and analogies of the visual system of Russian wooden architecture of Zaural′e. The history of formation of traditions of wooden construction is overviewed. Peculiarities of volume, relief and hand carving are pointed out. Types of window casing mouldings, their structural basis and main decorative elements are analyzed. The visual motifs of geometrical, vegetal, anthropomorphic and ornithomorphic types of ornament of window casing mouldings are introduced. Historical and cultural ties of Zaural`e, which were reflected in the eclecticism of wooden architecture are described. S-shaped curves and heart-shaped figures, vortex rosaces, and vegetative ornament were actively used by carvers in the visual system of wooden architecture of Zaural′e in the late XIX — early XX centuries. The most widely distributed ornament in the regional architecture was the one of vegetable cruciform of plaited stems. Images of ancient Byzantine-Romanesque origin (paired birds, heraldic motifs, crowns) can be found in the house carving of Zaural′e. These elements can be related to the genesis of the Slavic culture, which is an integral part of the Orthodox Byzantine tradition. Manifestations of Baroque and Сlassicism stylistic traits in wooden construction of the region are studied. Multicultural analogies are pointed out in the ornamental motifs of the visual system of wooden architecture. Traditions of folk regional architecture related to the decorative plasticity of the facades are generalized. An ornament is characterized as a historical source for the study of the formation of the cultural landscape. The eclecticism of the visual system of the Russian wooden regional architecture is connected to ethno-cultural interactions, the waves of colonization of Zaural′e. The article contains extensive illustrative material, which represents analogies in the decoration of the wooden housing construction and the archeological artifacts from ornitho-, anthropomorphic and floral ornaments.

Key words: historical and cultural ties of Zaural′e, wooden architecture, visual system, multicultural ornamental analogies, cultural landscape.

DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2016-33-2-131-143

30.05.2016

L.V. Ivanova

Tyumen State Institute of Culture, Republic st., 19, Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation

E-mail: ivalo@bk.ru

A.V. Gordienko

Tyumen State Institute of Culture, Republic st., 19, Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation

E-mail: gordienko_a_v@mail.ru