This article presents the results of rescue archaeological excavations carried out in November 2015 — January 2016 (following the program of archaeological research in new building sites, within the framework of the South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion project) near the Gazanbulag River, in the Borsunli kurgan cemetery, and the samples of material culture of the ancient Azerbaijan population identified within the site. The surveyed area is located about one kilometer north from the village of Veyisli, on the right side of the highway leading to the district center — the city of Goranboy (Goranboy district, the Republic of Azerbaijan), at an altitude of 219 m.a.s.l. During the archaeological exploration work carried out in 2013, about 30 burial mounds were discovered on the territory of the Borsunlu “Camp” and near the Gazanbulag River. In 2015–2016, nine burial mounds were excavated at the “Camp” site. All these mounds had a covering consisting of medium and large stones. The space between the stone rows of mounds was filled with earth. Burial chambers were found in all of them except for kurgans 3 and 8. Despite the fact that mounds 7 and 9 had chambers and equipment, they did not contain human remains. In some mounds (Nos. 6, 7, 9) the burial chambers were located in the center of the mound covering, while in others (Nos. 1, 2, 4, and 5) on its slopes. In the burials, representative archaeological materials were revealed, which shed light on the study of religious beliefs, social status and life of ancient inhabitants of the analysed area of Azerbaijan. Samples of ceramic vessels found in the mounds are characteristic to the Khojaly-Gadabay archaeological culture in their shape and content. Apart from pottery, numerous bronze items of jewellery were found in the graves: bracelets, rings, earrings, diadems, flat buttons, headbands, beads. The discovered iron products are represented by knife blades and iron rod. It can be assumed that persons with a special high social status were interred in the Gazanbulag kurgan cemetery. Based on the type, structure, grave goods recovered, as well as the results of the radiocarbon analysis, the analysed burial mounds are mainly dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age, precisely to the 10th–9th c. BC.

Keywords: Azerbaijan, Goranboy, Gazanbulag, Borsunlu, the Late Bronze — Early Iron Ages, Khojaly-Gadabay archaeological culture, kurgans, rescue archaeological excavations.

 

Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to all the participants in the excavations at the Gazanbulag (Borsunlu) kurgans, to archaeologist A.I. Abdurahmanov, to the cartographer F.S. Farmanov & for the advice to the archaeologist D. Maynard (Director at Landsker Archaeology Ltd, Whitland, Carmarthenshire, UK) during prepating of the work.

Funding. The work was financially supported by the BP company, the South Caucasus Expansion Project (SCPX) for the protection of cultural heritage sites; the analysis and description of the collection and field data were carried out according to the state order.

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Accepted: 18.12.2023

Article is published: 15.06.2024