Pedoarchaeological study of the remains of a building on the territory of the Old Slavic site (the settlement of Mikhailovsky Cordon — the Slavic Borshevo Culture of the late 1st mil. AD) in the Voronezh region were carried out in order to obtain new data on the layout of the settlement, the type of housing building, life sustainability, economy, and residential use. The main purpose of soil research was the identification of the nature of the use of the building and the reconstruction of the economic activities in the adjacent territory. The determination of organic and mineral forms of phosphates, urease activity, and the quantity of microorganisms of various trophic groups in the ‘natopt’ (trampled soil) at the bottom of the pit and in the soil outside of the building was carried out. It has been established that the most pronounced traces of economic activity have been preserved in the soils to the west of the building where the summer stove was located. In this area, the content of phosphates reached 2 mg P2O5/g soil. The soil to the northeast of the construction pit is characterized by the accumulation of organic matter, which is confirmed not only by a high content of organic phosphorus, but also by rather high quantity of saprotrophic bacteria, indicating organic contamination of the soil, which suggests the ingress of organic substrates into the soil (manure, feces, household waste). The values of many indicators of anthropogenic activity inside the building turned out to be unexpectedly low. As such, the low content of phosphates, saprotrophic bacteria and keratinophilic fungi in the analysed ‘natopt’ in the building at the bottom of the pit indicate a low intensity, or periodic use of the premises.

Keywords: Borshevo Culture, Middle Ages, ancient settlement, construction pit, anthropogenic activity, phosphate content, urease activity.

 

Funding. The archaeological excavations were carried out with the financial support of the RFBR and the Voronezh Region as part of the scientific project No. 19-49-363003. The analytical block of research was carried out at the expense of the RGNF grant No. 22-68-00010.

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Accepted: 28.02.2024

Article is published: 15.06.2024