Skochina S. N.

Stone implement complexes at sites of the Low Tobol basin

Complexes of stone blanks and implements being treated as rare findings with complex dating. The paper discusses different complexes serving as reserve stone blanks, as well as those involved in rituals through the Eneolithic.

The article is devoted to development of early Eneolithic cultures of the Tyumen Low Tobol basin represented by Lybayevo and Shapkul relics. Proceeding from the analysis of ornamental standard of the said cultures,it follows that their development seems to be related with Neolithic decorative traditions based on short comb stamp technique. To solve this question, the author considers a situation formed in the region through the Neolithic. Subject to detailed analysis being “sosnovoostrov” problems. Resulting from this, the author succeeds dividing a mass of the Middle Trans Urals comb sites into two independent cultural groups conventionally called “sosnovoostrov”, and “duvan”. A broad use of the short comb stamp technique in ornamental standard of the “duvan” series, às well as specificity of other cultural distinctions, made it possible to introduce an idea of the Shapkul and early Lybayevo relics’ development on the basis of the considered sites.

Potemkina T. M., Degtyareva A. D.

Metal of the Yam culture in the Low Tobol basin

The article cites data în materials of the Yam culture in the Low Tobol basin. Special attention is paid to copper implements analogous to articles obtained from burials of steppe East European zone. Subject to description being their morphological and typological features, together with results of atomic-emissive and metallographic investigation. Spreading of metallurgic industrial traditions of the Yam tribes from the Low Urals basin, and probably, penetration of their bearers into the Low Tobol basin, was prepared by similar historical development as well as by long contacts and mutual influence between the population of the said territories. Investigation results of the recent years, regarding Eneolithic and Early Bronze relics both within forest-and steppe Trans Urals and adjacent territories, make it possible to fix not only contacts and impacts, but also a direct penetration of the Volga and Urals steppe population into Trans Urals and Kazakhstan steppe, as well as into forest-and-steppe areas.
 

The article cites results of a multiple investigation regarding a collection of Alakul metal from Khripuny burial ground, using typological, spectral, and metallographic methods. Subject to identification being a scope of cultural analogies of metal implements, together with specific features of Alakul industry in the Low Tobol basin. Determined, chemical and metallurgical groups and working methods in making tools and decorations.

Zakh V. A.

On formation of Baitovo complexes in the Low Tobol basin

Through a transition period from Bronze to Iron in the Low Tobol basin, cultural and historic processes bring to formation of a peculiar multi-component Itkul cultural complexes, mixing Late Bronze forest-steppe and taiga traditions. Judging from the pottery, cultural genesis proceeded gradually assimilating foreign population, and outliving taiga elements. Resulting from this, subject to formation being Baitovo cultural complexes, basing on materials of the final stage of the Itkul culture. On the south taiga territories, arising of materials, similar to Baitovo forest-steppe ones, makes it possible to distinguish between the Itkul and Baitovo cultures, marked, in particular, by thin-walled dishes to be replaced by thicker-walled ones.

Subject to investigation being a certain plot in the Attic vase painting (late VIth — early Vth cc. B.C.), namely, stretching of a bowstring by a character with barbarian look, which seems to be based on an idea of the tsar power in Scythia to be originated from Heracles' descendants.

Subject to analysis being costume complexes from Kinyamino I, II (XIIIth — early XIVth cc.) burial grounds, reconstructing plait decorations from female burials.